India is a land of deep-rooted history, spirituality, and natural wonders. Among its countless historical and spiritual treasures are the caves in India — mystical and ancient marvels that attract tourists from across the globe. These caves aren’t just rock shelters; they’re time capsules that hold archaeological, religious, and cultural significance.
Almost every Indian state houses caves, many dating back thousands of years. These underground sanctuaries were once used by monks for meditation, carved with intricate art, or served as places of worship dedicated to Hindu gods, Jain saints, or Buddhist monks. Whether you’re a history buff, a spiritual seeker, or an adventure lover, these caves will leave you spellbound.
Ajanta Ellora Caves in Maharashtra
One of the most iconic cave complexes in the world, the Ajanta and Ellora Caves are UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Dating back to the 2nd century BCE, they feature exquisite rock-cut sculptures and paintings that depict Buddhist, Hindu, and Jain ideologies.
Tabo in Himachal Pradesh
Located on a hill above the famous Tabo Monastery, these caves were used by Buddhist monks for meditation. Covered in colorful prayer flags and ancient frescoes, the site offers spiritual peace and stunning Himalayan views.
Elephanta Caves in Maharashtra
Situated on an island off the coast of Mumbai, the Elephanta Caves house rock-cut sculptures from the 6th century. The majestic three-headed Shiva statue (Trimurti) is a key highlight.
Undavalli Caves in Andhra Pradesh
Situated on the River Krishna banks, the Undavalli caves in Andhra Pradesh are said to be carved in the 7th century A.D. Using red sandstones by the Vishnukundin kings. The caves are devoted to Anantapadmanabha Swamy and Narasimha Swamy. The cave holds a high national significance due to which it is highly protected.
Jogimara Caves in Chhattisgarh
Said to be associated with Lord Rama, Sita, and Lakshmana during their exile, these caves are a treat for mythology lovers. Beautiful ancient paintings adorn the ceilings of these caves.
Trichi Caves in Madurai
Built by Pallavas and Cholas, the Rock Fort caves are some of the oldest in the region. Trichi’s rock is said to be older than the Himalayas, adding geological value to its religious significance.
Krem Kotsati Cave in Meghalaya
India’s second-longest cave system, Krem Kotsati, stretches over 21 kilometers and offers an adventurous experience. Some entrances are only accessible by swimming, making it a thrill-seeker’s paradise.
Borra Caves in Andhra Pradesh
Formed through limestone erosion, the Borra Caves are home to unique stalactite and stalagmite formations. The natural Shiva Lingam and cow-shaped rock (Kamadhenu) attract pilgrims and explorers alike.
Udaygiri Caves in Madhya Pradesh
Dating back to the Gupta period, these caves include 14 rock-cut sanctuaries and intricate sculptures, especially of Lord Vishnu in his Varaha (boar) avatar.
Varah Caves in Tamil Nadu
Located in Mahabalipuram, the Varaha Cave Temple is known for its bas-reliefs and monolithic rock carvings dedicated to Lord Vishnu’s boar incarnation.
Bhimbetka Cave in Madhya Pradesh
A UNESCO World Heritage Site, the Bhimbetka Rock Shelters feature ancient cave paintings that are over 30,000 years old, depicting early human life and rituals.
Belum Caves in Andhra Pradesh
These are the second-longest natural caves in India. Belum Caves are known for their long passages, spacious chambers, and formations created by the underground water flow through limestone deposits.
Sittanavasal Caves in Tamil Nadu
These Jain caves are small but filled with beautiful frescoes depicting lotus ponds, animals, and everyday life—painted with natural mineral dyes.
Karla Caves in Maharashtra
Dating back to 200 BCE, the Karla Caves are among the oldest Buddhist cave shrines in India. The highlight is the Chaitya (prayer hall) featuring a massive stupa and carved wooden rafters.
Mawsmai Caves in Meghalaya
Located in Cherrapunji, these limestone caves are Meghalaya’s only naturally lit caves. The grand formations and cavernous openings make them a must-see.
Amarnath Cave in Jammu and Kashmir
At an altitude of 3,888 meters, this cave shrine is devoted to Lord Shiva. Pilgrims trek each year to witness the naturally formed ice Shiva Lingam, believed to represent immortality.
Udayagiri Caves in Odisha
Different from the ones in Madhya Pradesh, these caves in Odisha date back to the Gupta period and include 33 rock-cut chambers filled with carvings and inscriptions.
Bagh Caves in Madhya Pradesh
Carved between the 4th and 6th centuries, the Bagh Caves house mural paintings and rock-cut monasteries associated with Mahayana Buddhism.
Khandagiri Caves in Odisha
These ancient Jain caves are both man-made and natural. With 15 caves in total, they hold deep religious and archaeological significance, dating back to the 1st century BCE.
Koteshwar Caves in Uttarakhand
Dedicated to Lord Shiva, Koteshwar Cave Temple is associated with the legend of Bhasmasura. This serene cave on the banks of the Kali River is a revered pilgrimage site.